§ The minds
The compass, made of minds.
Thinkers, leaders, rebels and fictional characters — 623 of them, each placed by the same three axes as you. Every tile is one mind, coloured by exactly where they stand: lighter toward progressive, deeper toward traditional.
§ The index · 623 minds
Pol PotReformist Stalinist-Marxist · Khmer Rouge leader · Cambodia1925–1998Mao ZedongReformist Stalinist-Marxist · Chairman · China1893–1976Big BrotherFictionHeterodox Stalinist-Marxist · State icon (fiction) · Nineteen Eighty-FourJoseph StalinHeterodox Stalinist-Marxist · General Secretary · Soviet Union1878–1953Lazar KaganovichHeterodox Stalinist-Marxist · Politburo official · Soviet Union1893–1991NapoleonFictionHeterodox Stalinist-Marxist · Despot (allegory) · Animal FarmMengistu Haile MariamHeterodox Stalinist-Marxist · Head of state · Ethiopiab. 1937Nicolae CeaușescuStalinist-Marxist · General Secretary · Romania1918–1989
Hwang Jang-yopJuchist · Theorist & defector · North Korea1923–2010Kim Il-sungJuchist · Eternal President · North Korea1912–1994The Eternal Leader (archetype)ArchetypeJuchist · Cult-state figureheadKim Jong-ilJuchist · Supreme Leader · North Korea1941–2011Kim Jong-unJuchist · Supreme Leader · North Koreab. 1984
Ernst RöhmRestorationist Strasserite · SA commander · Germany1887–1934Otto StrasserRestorationist Strasserite · Theorist · Germany1897–1974The Brown Radical (archetype)ArchetypeRestorationist Strasserite · Anti-capitalist totalitarian nationalistGregor StrasserRestorationist Strasserite · Nazi organiser · Germany1892–1934
Ramiro Ledesma RamosReactionary Falangist · Theorist · Spain1905–1936Gabriele D'AnnunzioReactionary Falangist · Poet & proto-fascist · Italy1863–1938Roderick SpodeFictionReactionary Falangist · Would-be dictator (satire) · Jeeves & WoosterPlínio SalgadoReactionary Falangist · Integralist leader · Brazil1895–1975Léon DegrelleReactionary Falangist · Rexist leader · Belgium1906–1994José Antonio Primo de RiveraReactionary Falangist · Falange founder · Spain1903–1936
Mohammed bin Salman (MBS)Autocratic TheocratOliver CromwellReactionary Autocratic Theocrat · Lord Protector · England1599–1658Pope Innocent IIIReactionary Autocratic Theocrat · Pope · Papal States1161–1216Hassan al-BannaReactionary Autocratic Theocrat · Founder & organiser · Egypt1906–1949John CalvinReactionary Autocratic Theocrat · Reformer & ruler · Geneva1509–1564The High SparrowFictionReactionary Autocratic Theocrat · Religious leader (fiction) · Game of ThronesAbul A'la MaududiReactionary Autocratic Theocrat · Theorist & founder · Pakistan1903–1979Girolamo SavonarolaReactionary Autocratic Theocrat · Friar & ruler · Florence1452–1498Ruhollah KhomeiniReactionary Autocratic Theocrat · Supreme Leader · Iran1902–1989Aunt LydiaFictionRestorationist Autocratic Theocrat · Enforcer (fiction) · The Handmaid's Tale
Nazi9
Albert SpeerReactionary Nazi · Armaments Minister · Germany1905–1981Hermann GöringReactionary Nazi · Reichsmarschall · Germany1893–1946Frederick ZollerFictionReactionary Nazi · War-hero propaganda figure (fiction) · Inglourious BasterdsHans LandaFictionReactionary Nazi · SS officer (fiction) · Inglourious BasterdsJoseph GoebbelsReactionary Nazi · Propaganda Minister · Germany1897–1945Reinhard HeydrichReactionary Nazi · RSHA chief · Germany1904–1942Heinrich HimmlerReactionary Nazi · SS Reichsführer · Germany1900–1945Adolf HitlerReactionary Nazi · Dictator (Führer) · Germany1889–1945Julius StreicherRestorationist Nazi · Propaganda publisher · Germany1885–1946Gonzalo Queipo de LlanoReactionary Francoist · General · Spain1875–1951Camilo Alonso VegaReactionary Francoist · Minister & general · Spain1889–1971José María PemánReactionary Francoist · Writer & ideologue · Spain1897–1981Luis Carrero BlancoReactionary Francoist · Prime Minister · Spain1904–1973Francisco FrancoReactionary Francoist · Dictator (Caudillo) · Spain1892–1975The National-Catholic State (archetype)ArchetypeReactionary Francoist · Clerical-authoritarian order
Giovanni GentileTraditional Fascist · Philosopher · Italy1875–1944HomelanderFictionTraditional Fascist · Superhero-tyrant (fiction) · The BoysOswald MosleyReactionary Fascist · Fascist leader · United Kingdom1896–1980Engelbert DollfussReactionary Fascist · Chancellor · Austria1892–1934Ion AntonescuReactionary Fascist · Military dictator · Romania1882–1946Adenoid HynkelFictionReactionary Fascist · Dictator (satire) · The Great DictatorBenito MussoliniReactionary Fascist · Dictator (Duce) · Italy1883–1945Ante PavelićReactionary Fascist · Dictator (Poglavnik) · Croatia1889–1959Corneliu CodreanuReactionary Fascist · Iron Guard leader · Romania1899–1938
José PiñeraTraditional Pinochetist · Minister & economist · Chileb. 1948Carlos Cardoen (illustrative)Traditional Pinochetist · Industrialist · Chileb. 1942Park Chung-heeTraditional Pinochetist · President · South Korea1917–1979SuhartoTraditional Pinochetist · President · Indonesia1921–2008Coriolanus SnowFictionReactionary Pinochetist · President (fiction) · The Hunger GamesAugusto PinochetReactionary Pinochetist · Dictator · Chile1915–2006António SalazarReactionary Pinochetist · Prime Minister · Portugal1889–1970Adam SutlerFictionReactionary Pinochetist · High Chancellor (fiction) · V for Vendetta
Antonio GramsciReformist Leninist-Marxist · Theorist & politician · Italy1891–1937Vladimir LeninReformist Leninist-Marxist · Revolutionary & head of state · Russia1870–1924Che GuevaraReformist Leninist-Marxist · Revolutionary · Argentina / Cuba1928–1967Nikolai BukharinHeterodox Leninist-Marxist · Theorist & politician · Russia1888–1938Fidel CastroHeterodox Leninist-Marxist · Revolutionary & head of state · Cuba1926–2016Ho Chi MinhHeterodox Leninist-Marxist · Revolutionary & head of state · Vietnam1890–1969Josip Broz TitoLeninist-Marxist · Revolutionary & head of state · Yugoslavia1892–1980O'BrienFictionLeninist-Marxist · Inner Party official (fiction) · Nineteen Eighty-FourEnver HoxhaLeninist-Marxist · Head of state · Albania1908–1985Leonid BrezhnevLeninist-Marxist · General Secretary · Soviet Union1906–1982
Alexander DuginNational BolshevikKarl RadekNational Bolshevik · Bolshevik · Russia / Germany1885–1939The Red-Brown Front (archetype)ArchetypeRooted National Bolshevik · Nationalist-communist fusionEduard LimonovRooted National Bolshevik · Writer & agitator · Russia1943–2020Ernst NiekischRooted National Bolshevik · Theorist · Germany1889–1967
Salah al-Din al-BitarBa'athist · Co-founder & PM · Syria1912–1980Michel AflaqBa'athist · Founder & theorist · Syria1910–1989Ahmed Hassan al-BakrRooted Ba'athist · President · Iraq1914–1982Hafez al-AssadRooted Ba'athist · President · Syria1930–2000Saddam HusseinRooted Ba'athist · President · Iraq1937–2006
Ferdinand LassalleState Socialist · Socialist organiser · Germany1825–1864Stafford CrippsState Socialist · Chancellor · United Kingdom1889–1952Walther RathenauState Socialist · Industrialist & minister · Germany1867–1922The Ministry (archetype)ArchetypeState Socialist · Planning stateJános KádárState Socialist · General Secretary · Hungary1912–1989Walter UlbrichtRooted State Socialist · General Secretary · East Germany1893–1973
Oliveira ViannaReactionary Integralist · Jurist & theorist · Brazil1883–1951Miguel Primo de RiveraReactionary Integralist · Dictator · Spain1870–1930Othmar SpannReactionary Integralist · Philosopher & economist · Austria1878–1950The Corporate State (archetype)ArchetypeReactionary Integralist · Corporatist-religious orderCharles MaurrasReactionary Integralist · Theorist · France1868–1952
Mustafa Kemal AtatürkHeterodox State Capitalist · President · Turkey1881–1938Vladimir PutinState CapitalistXi JinpingState CapitalistJózef PiłsudskiRooted State Capitalist · Chief of State · Poland1867–1935Friedrich ListRooted State Capitalist · Economist · Germany1789–1846Reza Shah PahlaviRooted State Capitalist · Shah · Iran1878–1944The Party-Corporation (archetype)ArchetypeRooted State Capitalist · State-directed marketYuan ShikaiTraditional State Capitalist · President & self-styled Emperor · China1859–1916
Kaiser Wilhelm IIConstitutional MonarchistKing Maha VajiralongkornConstitutional MonarchistJuan Carlos ITraditional Constitutional Monarchist · King · Spainb. 1938Walter BagehotTraditional Constitutional Monarchist · Constitutional theorist · United Kingdom1826–1877Emperor AkihitoTraditional Constitutional Monarchist · Emperor · Japanb. 1933Baudouin of BelgiumTraditional Constitutional Monarchist · King · Belgium1930–1993King Régis (illustrative)FictionTraditional Constitutional Monarchist · Monarch (fiction) · The WitcherOtto von BismarckTraditional Constitutional Monarchist · Chancellor · Germany1815–1898Rama VI (Vajiravudh)Traditional Constitutional Monarchist · King · Siam1881–1925Bhumibol AdulyadejTraditional Constitutional Monarchist · King · Thailand1927–2016Queen VictoriaReactionary Constitutional Monarchist · Monarch · United Kingdom1819–1901
Mikhail KhodorkovskyRooted Oligarchist · Oligarch · Russiab. 1963Boris BerezovskyRooted Oligarchist · Oligarch · Russia1946–2013Cosimo de' MediciRooted Oligarchist · Banker & de facto ruler · Florence1389–1464The Cabal (archetype)ArchetypeRooted Oligarchist · Rule by the wealthy fewMarcus Licinius CrassusTraditional Oligarchist · Triumvir · Roman Republic115–53 BCRafael TrujilloTraditional Oligarchist · Dictator · Dominican Republic1891–1961
Carlos MenemRooted Fujimorist · President · Argentina1930–2021The Strongman Reformer (archetype)ArchetypeTraditional Fujimorist · Authoritarian liberaliserAlberto FujimoriTraditional Fujimorist · President · Peru1938–2024Vladimiro MontesinosTraditional Fujimorist · Intelligence chief · Perub. 1945
C. L. R. JamesProgressive Trotskyist · Historian & theorist · Trinidad / UK1901–1989Raya DunayevskayaProgressive Trotskyist · Philosopher · Russia / US1910–1987Ernest MandelProgressive Trotskyist · Economist & theorist · Belgium1923–1995Natalia SedovaReformist Trotskyist · Revolutionary · Russia1882–1962Emmanuel GoldsteinFictionReformist Trotskyist · Revolutionary enemy (fiction) · Nineteen Eighty-FourLeon TrotskyReformist Trotskyist · Revolutionary & theorist · Russia1879–1940Tony CliffReformist Trotskyist · Party leader & theorist · Palestine / UK1917–2000Michel PabloReformist Trotskyist · Party leader · Greece / France1911–1996James P. CannonReformist Trotskyist · Party leader · United States1890–1974
Thomas SankaraHeterodox Left-Wing Nationalist · President · Burkina Faso1949–1987Hugo ChávezHeterodox Left-Wing Nationalist · President · Venezuela1954–2013Julius NyerereLeft-Wing Nationalist · President · Tanzania1922–1999The Liberator (archetype)ArchetypeLeft-Wing Nationalist · Anti-colonial revolutionaryNe WinLeft-Wing NationalistRobert MugabeLeft-Wing NationalistSukarnoLeft-Wing Nationalist · President · Indonesia1901–1970Gamal Abdel NasserRooted Left-Wing Nationalist · President · Egypt1918–1970Juan PerónRooted Left-Wing Nationalist · President · Argentina1895–1974
Huey LongRooted Longist · Senator & Governor · United States1893–1935Willie StarkFictionRooted Longist · Governor (fiction) · All the King's MenGetúlio VargasRooted Longist · President · Brazil1882–1954William AberhartTraditional Longist · Premier of Alberta · Canada1878–1943Tom WatsonTraditional Longist · Senator & Populist · United States1856–1922Charles CoughlinTraditional Longist · Radio priest · United States / Canada1891–1979
E. F. SchumacherRooted Distributist · Economist · Germany / UK1911–1977Dorothy DayRooted Distributist · Activist & founder · United States1897–1980Wendell BerryTraditional Distributist · Writer & farmer · United Statesb. 1934John MédailleTraditional Distributist · Author & theorist · United Statesb. 1950Samwise GamgeeFictionTraditional Distributist · Gardener (fiction) · The Lord of the RingsHilaire BellocTraditional Distributist · Writer & MP · France / UK1870–1953G. K. ChestertonTraditional Distributist · Writer · United Kingdom1874–1936Vincent McNabbTraditional Distributist · Priest & writer · Ireland / UK1868–1943Pope Leo XIIIReactionary Distributist · Pope · Papal States / Italy1810–1903
Tomáš MasarykHeterodox State Liberal · President · Czechoslovakia1850–1937Friedrich NaumannState Liberal · Politician & pastor · Germany1860–1919Max WeberState Liberal · Sociologist & politician · Germany1864–1920Eleftherios VenizelosState Liberal · Prime Minister · Greece1864–1936Plutarco Elías CallesState LiberalGiovanni GiolittiState Liberal · Prime Minister · Italy1842–1928Camillo CavourRooted State Liberal · Prime Minister · Italy1810–1861Sergei WitteRooted State Liberal · Minister & Premier · Russia1849–1915The Bonapartist moderniser (archetype)ArchetypeRooted State Liberal · Plebiscitary liberal autocrat
Dwight D. EisenhowerRooted Civic Conservative · President · United States1890–1969William Howard TaftRooted Civic Conservative · President & Chief Justice · United States1857–1930Georges PompidouRooted Civic Conservative · President · France1911–1974Lord ShaftesburyRooted Civic Conservative · Reformer & peer · United Kingdom1801–1885Stanley BaldwinRooted Civic Conservative · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1867–1947Alcide De GasperiTraditional Civic Conservative · Prime Minister · Italy1881–1954
Ferdinand MarcosRight-Wing NationalistNigel FarageTraditional Right-Wing Nationalist · Party leader · United Kingdomb. 1964Giorgia MeloniTraditional Right-Wing Nationalist · Prime Minister · Italyb. 1977Viktor OrbánTraditional Right-Wing Nationalist · Prime Minister · Hungaryb. 1963CoriolanusFictionTraditional Right-Wing Nationalist · Patrician general (fiction) · Shakespeare's CoriolanusEnoch PowellTraditional Right-Wing Nationalist · Politician · United Kingdom1912–1998Jair BolsonaroTraditional Right-Wing Nationalist · President · Brazilb. 1955Jean-Marie Le PenReactionary Right-Wing Nationalist · Party founder · France1928–2025
Daniel François MalanPaleo-ConservativeIan SmithPaleo-ConservativeRobert A. TaftTraditional Paleo-Conservative · Senator · United States1889–1953John Randolph of RoanokeReactionary Paleo-Conservative · Congressman · United States1773–1833Patrick BuchananReactionary Paleo-Conservative · Commentator & candidate · United Statesb. 1938Samuel T. FrancisReactionary Paleo-Conservative · Columnist · United States1947–2005Don Vito CorleoneFictionReactionary Paleo-Conservative · Patriarch (fiction) · The GodfatherRichard M. WeaverReactionary Paleo-Conservative · Rhetorician · United States1910–1963Russell KirkReactionary Paleo-Conservative · Writer & theorist · United States1918–1994Joseph de MaistreReactionary Paleo-Conservative · Counter-revolutionary · Savoy / France1753–1821
Mohammed bin Rashid Al MaktoumNational CapitalistLeland StanfordTraditional National Capitalist · Magnate & Governor · United States1824–1893The National Champion (archetype)ArchetypeTraditional National Capitalist · State-backed conglomerateAlfred KruppTraditional National Capitalist · Industrialist · Germany1812–1887Syngman RheeTraditional National Capitalist · President · South Korea1875–1965Porfirio DíazTraditional National Capitalist · President (dictator) · Mexico1830–1915Juan Vicente GómezTraditional National Capitalist · President (dictator) · Venezuela1857–1935Chiang Kai-shekTraditional National Capitalist · Generalissimo · China / Taiwan1887–1975
The Cosmic Optimist (archetype)ArchetypeProgressive Posadist · Utopian futuristThe Posadist Dolphin (meme)FictionProgressive Posadist · Ironic mascot (fiction) · internet folklorecontemporaryJ. PosadasProgressive Posadist · Revolutionary theorist · Argentina1912–1981Revolutionary Vanguard (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Posadist · Revolutionary cadre
Jean JaurèsReformist Socialist · Socialist leader · France1859–1914Wolfie SmithFictionReformist Socialist · Would-be revolutionary (fiction) · Citizen SmithAugust BebelReformist Socialist · Party leader · Germany1840–1913Harold LaskiReformist Socialist · Theorist · United Kingdom1893–1950Jack LondonReformist Socialist · Writer & socialist · United States1876–1916Aneurin BevanReformist Socialist · Minister · United Kingdom1897–1960Pietro NenniReformist Socialist · Socialist leader · Italy1891–1980Léon JouhauxReformist Socialist · Union & socialist leader · France1879–1954Sidney WebbHeterodox Socialist · Reformer · United Kingdom1859–1947Daniel OrtegaSocialist
Alexandria Ocasio-CortezProgressive Democratic Socialist · Congresswoman · United Statesb. 1989V (for Vendetta)FictionProgressive Democratic Socialist · Revolutionary (fiction) · V for VendettaJeremy CorbynProgressive Democratic Socialist · Labour leader · United Kingdomb. 1949Michael HarringtonReformist Democratic Socialist · Writer & organiser · United States1928–1989Eugene V. DebsReformist Democratic Socialist · Labour leader · United States1855–1926Salvador AllendeReformist Democratic Socialist · President · Chile1908–1973Keir HardieHeterodox Democratic Socialist · Labour founder · United Kingdom1856–1915
Roy JenkinsReformist Social Liberal · Home Secretary · United Kingdom1920–2003Hubert HumphreyReformist Social Liberal · Vice President & Senator · United States1911–1978President Andrew ShepherdFictionReformist Social Liberal · President (fiction) · The American PresidentL. T. HobhouseHeterodox Social Liberal · Sociologist · United Kingdom1864–1929Lyndon B. JohnsonHeterodox Social Liberal · President · United States1908–1973Robert F. WagnerHeterodox Social Liberal · Senator · United States1877–1953William TempleHeterodox Social Liberal · Archbishop & reformer · United Kingdom1881–1944Indira GandhiSocial Liberal
Anthony GiddensReformist Third-Way Labourite · Sociologist · United Kingdomb. 1938Tony BlairHeterodox Third-Way Labourite · Prime Minister · United Kingdomb. 1953Josiah Bartlet's centrists (archetype)ArchetypeHeterodox Third-Way Labourite · The triangulating adviserPaul KeatingHeterodox Third-Way Labourite · Prime Minister & Treasurer · Australiab. 1944Gordon BrownHeterodox Third-Way Labourite · Prime Minister & Chancellor · United Kingdomb. 1951Matteo RenziHeterodox Third-Way Labourite · Prime Minister · Italyb. 1975Gerhard SchröderHeterodox Third-Way Labourite · Chancellor · Germanyb. 1944Wim KokHeterodox Third-Way Labourite · Prime Minister · Netherlands1938–2018
Henry 'Scoop' JacksonRooted Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Senator · United States1912–1983Bill KristolRooted Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Editor & commentator · United Statesb. 1952Jack RyanFictionRooted Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Analyst-president (fiction) · Tom Clancy novelsPaul WolfowitzTraditional Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Defense official · United Statesb. 1943Charles KrauthammerTraditional Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Columnist · United States1950–2018Jeane KirkpatrickTraditional Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Ambassador · United States1926–2006Irving KristolTraditional Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Writer & editor · United States1920–2009Norman PodhoretzTraditional Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Editor · United Statesb. 1930Leo StraussTraditional Neo-Conservative (Neocon) · Philosopher · Germany / US1899–1973
Angela MerkelConservative · Chancellor · Germanyb. 1954Recep Tayyip ErdoğanConservativeGeorge H. W. BushRooted Conservative · President · United States1924–2018Benjamin DisraeliRooted Conservative · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1804–1881Helmut KohlRooted Conservative · Chancellor · Germany1930–2017Charles de GaulleTraditional Conservative · President · France1890–1970Winston ChurchillTraditional Conservative · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1874–1965Logan RoyFictionTraditional Conservative · Media patriarch (fiction) · SuccessionJohn HowardTraditional Conservative · Prime Minister · Australiab. 1939Konrad AdenauerTraditional Conservative · Chancellor · West Germany1876–1967Robert MenziesTraditional Conservative · Prime Minister · Australia1894–1978Shinzo AbeTraditional Conservative · Prime Minister · Japan1954–2022Edmund BurkeTraditional Conservative · Statesman & philosopher · Britain / Ireland1729–1797
Tony StarkFictionHeterodox Technocrat · Industrialist-engineer (fiction) · Iron Man / MCUHari SeldonFictionHeterodox Technocrat · Mathematician (fiction) · FoundationJean MonnetTechnocrat · Planner & founder · France1888–1979Mario MontiTechnocrat · Prime Minister · Italyb. 1943Robert McNamaraTechnocrat · Defense Secretary · United States1916–2009Zhu RongjiTechnocrat · Premier · Chinab. 1928Deng XiaopingRooted Technocrat · Paramount Leader · China1904–1997Lee Kuan YewRooted Technocrat · Prime Minister · Singapore1923–2015
Crawford Murray MacLehoseConservative CapitalistCarlos SlimRooted Conservative Capitalist · Magnate · Mexicob. 1940Alexander HamiltonTraditional Conservative Capitalist · Treasury Secretary · United States1755–1804William McKinleyTraditional Conservative Capitalist · President · United States1843–1901Mahathir MohamadTraditional Conservative Capitalist · Prime Minister · Malaysiab. 1925The Chicago-School technocrat (archetype)ArchetypeTraditional Conservative Capitalist · Authoritarian-capitalist reformerGuizot (Doctrinaire archetype)Traditional Conservative Capitalist · Statesman (François Guizot) · France1787–1874Chiang Ching-kuoTraditional Conservative Capitalist · President · Taiwan1910–1988C. Montgomery BurnsFictionTraditional Conservative Capitalist · Plutocrat (fiction) · The Simpsons
Herbert MarcuseReformist Orthodox Marxist · Philosopher · Germany / US1898–1979Max HorkheimerReformist Orthodox Marxist · Philosopher · Germany1895–1973Eric HobsbawmReformist Orthodox Marxist · Historian · United Kingdom1917–2012Theodor AdornoReformist Orthodox Marxist · Philosopher · Germany1903–1969Paul SweezyHeterodox Orthodox Marxist · Economist · United States1910–2004György LukácsHeterodox Orthodox Marxist · Philosopher · Hungary1885–1971Karl KorschHeterodox Orthodox Marxist · Theorist · Germany1886–1961Louis AlthusserHeterodox Orthodox Marxist · Philosopher · France1918–1990
The Federation (illustrative)FictionReformist Market Socialist · Post-scarcity society (fiction) · Star TrekJohn RoemerReformist Market Socialist · Economist · United Statesb. 1945David SchweickartReformist Market Socialist · Philosopher · United Statesb. 1942Abba LernerHeterodox Market Socialist · Economist · UK / US1903–1982Branko HorvatHeterodox Market Socialist · Economist · Yugoslavia1928–2003Alec NoveHeterodox Market Socialist · Economist · Russia / UK1915–1994Jaroslav VanekHeterodox Market Socialist · Economist · Czech / US1930–2017Oskar LangeHeterodox Market Socialist · Economist · Poland1904–1965Edvard KardeljHeterodox Market Socialist · Theorist & politician · Yugoslavia1910–1979
David Lloyd GeorgeHeterodox Labour Liberal · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1863–1945John CurtinLabour Liberal · Prime Minister · Australia1885–1945Andrew FisherLabour Liberal · Prime Minister · Australia1862–1928Ben ChifleyLabour Liberal · Prime Minister · Australia1885–1951W. L. Mackenzie KingLabour Liberal · Prime Minister · Canada1874–1950William Jennings BryanRooted Labour Liberal · Statesman · United States1860–1925
Pierre TrudeauReformist Liberal · Prime Minister · Canada1919–2000Barack ObamaReformist Liberal · President · United Statesb. 1961John RawlsReformist Liberal · Philosopher · United States1921–2002Franklin D. RooseveltHeterodox Liberal · President · United States1882–1945Isaiah BerlinHeterodox Liberal · Philosopher · United Kingdom1909–1997Beatrice WebbHeterodox Liberal · Reformer & sociologist · United Kingdom1858–1943John Maynard KeynesHeterodox Liberal · Economist · United Kingdom1883–1946
Michael BloombergCentrist · Mayor & businessman · United Statesb. 1942Kofi AnnanCentrist · UN Secretary-General · Ghana1938–2018Olaf ScholzCentrist · Chancellor · Germanyb. 1958Mark RutteCentrist · Prime Minister · Netherlandsb. 1967Jacques DelorsCentrist · EU Commission President · France1925–2023John F. KennedyCentristJim HackerFictionCentrist · Minister/PM (satire) · Yes MinisterMario DraghiCentrist · Central banker & PM · Italyb. 1947
Bill ClintonHeterodox Neoliberal · President · United Statesb. 1946Emmanuel MacronHeterodox Neoliberal · President · Franceb. 1977Robert RubinNeoliberal · Treasury Secretary · United Statesb. 1938Manmohan SinghNeoliberal · PM & Finance Minister · India1932–2024Milton FriedmanNeoliberal · Economist · United States1912–2006Alan GreenspanNeoliberal · Fed Chair · United Statesb. 1926Gordon GekkoFictionNeoliberal · Financier (fiction) · Wall StreetRonald ReaganRooted Neoliberal · President · United States1911–2004Margaret ThatcherRooted Neoliberal · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1925–2013
Harold MacmillanRooted Liberal Conservative · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1894–1986Brian MulroneyRooted Liberal Conservative · Prime Minister · Canada1939–2024Nicolas SarkozyRooted Liberal Conservative · President · Franceb. 1955John McCainRooted Liberal Conservative · Senator · United States1936–2018Robert PeelRooted Liberal Conservative · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1788–1850José María AznarRooted Liberal Conservative · Prime Minister · Spainb. 1953Francis UrquhartFictionTraditional Liberal Conservative · Politician (fiction) · House of Cards (UK)George W. BushTraditional Liberal Conservative · President · United Statesb. 1946
Benjamin FranklinFiscal ConservativePete PetersonRooted Fiscal Conservative · Financier & official · United States1926–2018Wolfgang SchäubleRooted Fiscal Conservative · Finance Minister · Germany1942–2023William E. SimonRooted Fiscal Conservative · Treasury Secretary · United States1927–2000Paul RyanRooted Fiscal Conservative · Speaker of the House · United Statesb. 1970Phil GrammTraditional Fiscal Conservative · Senator & economist · United Statesb. 1942Andrew MellonTraditional Fiscal Conservative · Treasury Secretary · United States1855–1937Ebenezer Scrooge (counting-house archetype)FictionTraditional Fiscal Conservative · Financier (fiction) · A Christmas Carol
George WashingtonCapitalistJohn AdamsCapitalistAndrew CarnegieCapitalist · Industrialist · Scotland / US1835–1919Cornelius VanderbiltRooted Capitalist · Magnate · United States1794–1877John D. RockefellerRooted Capitalist · Industrialist · United States1839–1937John Jacob AstorRooted Capitalist · Merchant · Germany / US1763–1848Charles Foster KaneFictionRooted Capitalist · Press magnate (fiction) · Citizen KaneHetty GreenRooted Capitalist · Financier · United States1834–1916J. P. MorganRooted Capitalist · Financier · United States1837–1913Henry FordTraditional Capitalist · Industrialist · United States1863–1947
Clara ZetkinProgressive Luxemburgist · Activist & theorist · Germany1857–1933Rosa LuxemburgProgressive Luxemburgist · Revolutionary & theorist · Poland / Germany1871–1919The Spartacist (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Luxemburgist · Revolutionary ideal · GermanyKarl LiebknechtReformist Luxemburgist · Revolutionary · Germany1871–1919Paul LeviReformist Luxemburgist · Lawyer & politician · Germany1883–1930Franz MehringReformist Luxemburgist · Historian & journalist · Germany1846–1919
Lucy ParsonsProgressive Syndicalist · Organiser · United States1851–1942Rudolf RockerReformist Syndicalist · Theorist & organiser · Germany1873–1958Fernand PelloutierReformist Syndicalist · Organiser · France1867–1901Tom MannReformist Syndicalist · Union leader · United Kingdom1856–1941Big Bill HaywoodReformist Syndicalist · Union leader · United States1869–1928James ConnollyReformist Syndicalist · Union leader & revolutionary · Ireland1868–1916Victor GriffuelhesReformist Syndicalist · Union leader · France1874–1922Stephen Blackpool (illustrative)FictionReformist Syndicalist · Mill worker (fiction) · Hard TimesGeorges SorelHeterodox Syndicalist · Theorist · France1847–1922
Bernie SandersRadical Social Democrat · U.S. Senator · United Statesb. 1941Jacinda ArdernProgressive Social Democrat · Prime Minister · New Zealandb. 1980Leslie KnopeFictionProgressive Social Democrat · Public servant (fiction) · Parks and RecreationOlof PalmeProgressive Social Democrat · Prime Minister · Sweden1927–1986Josiah “Jed” BartletFictionReformist Social Democrat · President (fiction) · The West WingLuiz Inácio Lula da SilvaReformist Social Democrat · President · Brazilb. 1945Michael ManleyReformist Social Democrat · Prime Minister · Jamaica1924–1997Tommy DouglasReformist Social Democrat · Premier of Saskatchewan · Canada1904–1986Léon BlumReformist Social Democrat · Prime Minister · France1872–1950Gro Harlem BrundtlandReformist Social Democrat · Prime Minister · Norwayb. 1939Norman ThomasReformist Social Democrat · Socialist leader · United States1884–1968Willy BrandtReformist Social Democrat · Chancellor · Germany1913–1992Gough WhitlamReformist Social Democrat · Prime Minister · Australia1916–2014Bruno KreiskyHeterodox Social Democrat · Chancellor · Austria1911–1990Birgitte NyborgFictionHeterodox Social Democrat · Prime Minister (fiction) · BorgenTage ErlanderHeterodox Social Democrat · Prime Minister · Sweden1901–1985David LangeHeterodox Social Democrat · Prime Minister · New Zealand1942–2005Jawaharlal NehruHeterodox Social Democrat · Prime Minister · India1889–1964Jens StoltenbergHeterodox Social Democrat · Prime Minister · Norwayb. 1959François MitterrandHeterodox Social Democrat · President · France1916–1996Clement AttleeHeterodox Social Democrat · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1883–1967Eduard BernsteinHeterodox Social Democrat · Theorist & politician · Germany1850–1932Frances PerkinsHeterodox Social Democrat · Secretary of Labor · United States1880–1965Hjalmar BrantingSocial Democrat · Prime Minister · Sweden1860–1925Bob HawkeSocial Democrat · Prime Minister · Australia1929–2019Per Albin HanssonSocial Democrat · Prime Minister · Sweden1885–1946Ramsay MacDonaldSocial Democrat · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1866–1937Helmut SchmidtSocial Democrat · Chancellor · Germany1918–2015Golda MeirRooted Social Democrat · Prime Minister · Israel1898–1978Ernest BevinRooted Social Democrat · Foreign Secretary · United Kingdom1881–1951
Shirley WilliamsReformist Liberal Democrat · SDP co-founder · United Kingdom1930–2021Charles KennedyReformist Liberal Democrat · Liberal Democrat leader · United Kingdom1959–2015Earl WarrenReformist Liberal Democrat · Chief Justice · United States1891–1974Paddy AshdownReformist Liberal Democrat · Liberal Democrat leader · United Kingdom1941–2018Frank ChurchReformist Liberal Democrat · Senator · United States1924–1984Nick CleggReformist Liberal Democrat · Deputy Prime Minister · United Kingdomb. 1967President Laura RoslinFictionReformist Liberal Democrat · President (fiction) · Battlestar GalacticaJo GrimondHeterodox Liberal Democrat · Liberal Party leader · United Kingdom1913–1993Paul von HindenburgLiberal Democrat
Walter ReutherReformist Welfare Capitalist · Labour leader · United States1907–1970John Kenneth GalbraithReformist Welfare Capitalist · Economist · Canada / US1908–2006Gunnar MyrdalReformist Welfare Capitalist · Economist · Sweden1898–1987Pierre Mendès FranceHeterodox Welfare Capitalist · Prime Minister · France1907–1982William BeveridgeHeterodox Welfare Capitalist · Economist & reformer · United Kingdom1879–1963Léon BourgeoisHeterodox Welfare Capitalist · Prime Minister · France1851–1925B. Seebohm RowntreeHeterodox Welfare Capitalist · Reformer & industrialist · United Kingdom1871–1954Lester B. PearsonWelfare CapitalistLudwig ErhardWelfare Capitalist · Chancellor · Germany1897–1977
Jules FerryHeterodox Liberal Capitalist · Prime Minister · France1832–1893John BrightHeterodox Liberal Capitalist · Statesman · United Kingdom1811–1889Wilhelm RöpkeRooted Liberal Capitalist · Economist · Germany / Switzerland1899–1966Herbert HooverRooted Liberal Capitalist · President · United States1874–1964Barry GoldwaterRooted Liberal Capitalist · Senator · United States1909–1998Calvin CoolidgeRooted Liberal Capitalist · President · United States1872–1933Elon MuskRooted Liberal Capitalist · Entrepreneur & CEO · South Africa / United Statesb. 1971
Ruth Bader GinsburgProgressive Civil Libertarian · Supreme Court Justice · United States1933–2020Ida B. WellsProgressive Civil Libertarian · Journalist & activist · United States1862–1931Nadine StrossenProgressive Civil Libertarian · Law professor · United Statesb. 1950John Perry BarlowReformist Civil Libertarian · Internet activist · United States1947–2018Roger BaldwinReformist Civil Libertarian · ACLU founder · United States1884–1981Atticus FinchFictionReformist Civil Libertarian · Lawyer (fiction) · To Kill a MockingbirdClarence DarrowReformist Civil Libertarian · Defense attorney · United States1857–1938Glenn GreenwaldReformist Civil Libertarian · Journalist · United States / Brazilb. 1967Edward SnowdenReformist Civil Libertarian · Whistleblower · United Statesb. 1983
Ignazio CassisConservative LibertarianDavy Crockett (frontier archetype)Traditional Conservative Libertarian · Frontiersman & congressman · United States1786–1836Frank MeyerTraditional Conservative Libertarian · Theorist & editor · United States1909–1972M. Stanton EvansTraditional Conservative Libertarian · Writer & activist · United States1934–2015William F. Buckley Jr.Traditional Conservative Libertarian · Editor & writer · United States1925–2008Hank HillFictionTraditional Conservative Libertarian · Propane salesman (fiction) · King of the HillL. Brent Bozell Jr.Traditional Conservative Libertarian · Writer · United States1926–1997
Henry HazlittLibertarian Capitalist · Journalist & economist · United States1894–1993Jean-Baptiste SayLibertarian Capitalist · Economist · France1767–1832Ludwig LachmannLibertarian Capitalist · Economist · Germany / South Africa1906–1990Carl MengerLibertarian Capitalist · Economist · Austria1840–1921Eugen von Böhm-BawerkRooted Libertarian Capitalist · Economist & minister · Austria1851–1914Hank ReardenFictionRooted Libertarian Capitalist · Industrialist (fiction) · Atlas ShruggedIsrael KirznerRooted Libertarian Capitalist · Economist · UK / USb. 1930
Eleanor MarxProgressive Classical Marxist · Activist & translator · United Kingdom1855–1898Friedrich EngelsReformist Classical Marxist · Theorist · Germany1820–1895Karl MarxReformist Classical Marxist · Philosopher & economist · Germany1818–1883Paul LafargueReformist Classical Marxist · Writer & socialist · France / Cuba1842–1911The Spectre of Communism (archetype)FictionReformist Classical Marxist · Revolutionary idea (figure of speech) · The Communist ManifestoKarl KautskyReformist Classical Marxist · Theorist · Germany1854–1938Antonio LabriolaReformist Classical Marxist · Philosopher · Italy1843–1904Georgi PlekhanovReformist Classical Marxist · Theorist · Russia1856–1918Wilhelm LiebknechtReformist Classical Marxist · Party founder · Germany1826–1900Louis Auguste BlanquiClassical Marxist
Naomi KleinProgressive Eco-Socialist · Author & activist · Canadab. 1970Lauren OlaminaFictionProgressive Eco-Socialist · Visionary founder (fiction) · Parable of the SowerMurray BookchinProgressive Eco-Socialist · Theorist · United States1921–2006Vandana ShivaProgressive Eco-Socialist · Activist & scholar · Indiab. 1952Rachel CarsonProgressive Eco-Socialist · Biologist & writer · United States1907–1964John Bellamy FosterReformist Eco-Socialist · Sociologist · United Statesb. 1953André GorzReformist Eco-Socialist · Philosopher · Austria / France1923–2007Chico MendesReformist Eco-Socialist · Union & eco activist · Brazil1944–1988William MorrisReformist Eco-Socialist · Artist & socialist · United Kingdom1834–1896
Jane AddamsProgressive · Reformer & social worker · United States1860–1935Lisa SimpsonFictionProgressive · Idealist (fiction) · The SimpsonsJohn DeweyReformist Progressive · Philosopher & educator · United States1859–1952Upton SinclairReformist Progressive · Writer & reformer · United States1878–1968Robert La FolletteReformist Progressive · Senator & Governor · United States1855–1925Frances WillardReformist Progressive · Reformer · United States1839–1898Theodore RooseveltReformist Progressive · President · United States1858–1919Hiram JohnsonReformist Progressive · Governor & Senator · United States1866–1945
Georg BrandesReformist Nordic Liberal · Critic · Denmark1842–1927Hans RoslingReformist Nordic Liberal · Physician & statistician · Sweden1948–2017Johan NorbergReformist Nordic Liberal · Writer & historian · Swedenb. 1973Birger (the reasonable Scandinavian, archetype)ArchetypeReformist Nordic Liberal · Consensus liberal citizen · ScandinaviaBertil OhlinHeterodox Nordic Liberal · Economist & party leader · Sweden1899–1979Venstre liberal (Danish archetype)Heterodox Nordic Liberal · Agrarian-liberal tradition · Denmark19th–21st c.Anders ChydeniusHeterodox Nordic Liberal · Priest & legislator · Finland / Sweden1729–1803Anders Fogh RasmussenNordic Liberal
Mary WollstonecraftProgressive Social Libertarian · Philosopher · United Kingdom1759–1797Aryeh NeierProgressive Social Libertarian · Civil-liberties leader · Germany / USb. 1937Russell MeansReformist Social Libertarian · Activist · United States1939–2012Floyd AbramsReformist Social Libertarian · Attorney · United Statesb. 1936Anthony LewisReformist Social Libertarian · Journalist · United States1927–2013
Lizzie MagieReformist Georgism · Inventor & Georgist · United States1866–1948Leo TolstoyReformist Georgism · Novelist & reformer · Russia1828–1910Silvio GesellReformist Georgism · Economist & merchant · Germany / Argentina1862–1930The City of Arden (illustrative)FictionReformist Georgism · Georgist community · single-tax colonieshistorical-illustrativeHenry GeorgeReformist Georgism · Economist & reformer · United States1839–1897William VickreyReformist Georgism · Economist & Nobel laureate · Canada / US1914–1996Fred FoldvaryHeterodox Georgism · Economist · United States1946–2021Mason GaffneyHeterodox Georgism · Economist · United States1923–2020Frank ChodorovHeterodox Georgism · Writer · United States1887–1966
John Stuart MillReformist Classical Liberal · Philosopher & MP · United Kingdom1806–1873Adam SmithClassical Liberal · Moral philosopher & economist · Scotland1723–1790Wilhelm von HumboldtClassical Liberal · Philosopher & reformer · Prussia1767–1835Richard CobdenClassical Liberal · Manufacturer & MP · United Kingdom1804–1865Thomas JeffersonClassical Liberal · President & founder · United States1743–1826Frédéric BastiatClassical Liberal · Economist & writer · France1801–1850John LockeClassical Liberal · Philosopher · England1632–1704Alexis de TocquevilleClassical Liberal · Political thinker · France1805–1859Ludwig von MisesRooted Classical Liberal · Economist · Austria / US1881–1973William GladstoneRooted Classical Liberal · Prime Minister · United Kingdom1809–1898Friedrich HayekRooted Classical Liberal · Economist & philosopher · Austria / UK1899–1992
Penn JilletteHeterodox Libertarian · Entertainer & advocate · United Statesb. 1955Gary JohnsonHeterodox Libertarian · Governor · United Statesb. 1953David BoazHeterodox Libertarian · Author & Cato VP · United States1953–2024John StosselHeterodox Libertarian · Journalist · United Statesb. 1947Robert NozickLibertarian · Philosopher · United States1938–2002Ron PaulRooted Libertarian · Congressman · United Statesb. 1935Ron SwansonFictionRooted Libertarian · Bureaucrat-libertarian (fiction) · Parks and Recreation
Thomas WoodsTraditional Paleo-Libertarian · Historian · United Statesb. 1972Llewellyn 'Lew' RockwellTraditional Paleo-Libertarian · Writer & founder · United Statesb. 1944The Covenant Community (archetype)ArchetypeTraditional Paleo-Libertarian · Propertarian traditional orderJoseph SobranTraditional Paleo-Libertarian · Columnist · United States1946–2010Gary NorthTraditional Paleo-Libertarian · Writer & theorist · United States1942–2022
Sylvia PankhurstReformist Council Communist · Activist · United Kingdom1882–1960The Communard (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Council Communist · Council delegate (archetype) · Paris1871Cornelius CastoriadisReformist Council Communist · Philosopher · Greece / France1922–1997Anton PannekoekReformist Council Communist · Theorist & astronomer · Netherlands1873–1960Otto RühleReformist Council Communist · Theorist · Germany1874–1943Herman GorterReformist Council Communist · Poet & theorist · Netherlands1864–1927Paul MattickReformist Council Communist · Theorist · Germany / US1904–1981
Gustav LandauerReformist Minarcho-Socialist · Theorist · Germany1870–1919The Cooperative Commonwealth (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Minarcho-Socialist · Stateless cooperative economyG. D. H. ColeReformist Minarcho-Socialist · Theorist · United Kingdom1889–1959Martin BuberReformist Minarcho-Socialist · Philosopher · Austria / Israel1878–1965
Silvia FedericiProgressive Autonomist · Theorist & activist · Italy / USb. 1942Franco 'Bifo' BerardiProgressive Autonomist · Theorist & media activist · Italyb. 1949The Refusal of Work (archetype)ArchetypeProgressive Autonomist · Self-organised workers' autonomyAntonio NegriReformist Autonomist · Theorist · Italy1933–2023Harry CleaverReformist Autonomist · Economist · United Statesb. 1944Mario TrontiReformist Autonomist · Theorist · Italy1931–2023Raniero PanzieriReformist Autonomist · Theorist & editor · Italy1921–1964
Émile ArmandReformist Mutualist · Individualist anarchist · France1872–1962Kevin CarsonReformist Mutualist · Theorist · United Statesb. 1963Benjamin TuckerReformist Mutualist · Editor & theorist · United States1854–1939The Time-Store Keeper (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Mutualist · Cooperative traderJosiah WarrenReformist Mutualist · Reformer & inventor · United States1798–1874Pierre-Joseph ProudhonReformist Mutualist · Philosopher · France1809–1865Clarence Lee SwartzReformist Mutualist · Writer · United States1868–1936
Thomas PaineReformist Minarchist · Revolutionary pamphleteer · England / US1737–1809Manuel 'Mannie' O'KellyFictionHeterodox Minarchist · Revolutionary (fiction) · The Moon Is a Harsh MistressRobert HeinleinHeterodox Minarchist · Author · United States1907–1988Harry BrowneHeterodox Minarchist · Author & candidate · United States1933–2006Leonard ReadMinarchist · Founder & writer · United States1898–1983
Bryan Caplan (geo-adjacent reading)Heterodox Geo-Libertarian · Economist · United Statesb. 1971Nicolaus TidemanHeterodox Geo-Libertarian · Economist · United Statesb. 1943The Single-Tax Commons (archetype)ArchetypeHeterodox Geo-Libertarian · Free market on shared landSpencer HeathHeterodox Geo-Libertarian · Engineer & theorist · United States1876–1963
Justin AmashRooted National Libertarian · Congressman · United Statesb. 1980The Sovereign Nation of Free Men (archetype)ArchetypeRooted National Libertarian · Libertarian nation-stateDave SmithRooted National Libertarian · Comedian & commentator · United Statesb. 1983Javier MileiRooted National Libertarian · President · Argentinab. 1970
Wendy McElroyReformist Voluntarist · Writer · Canadab. 1951George H. SmithHeterodox Voluntarist · Philosopher · United States1949–2022The Consenting Neighbour (archetype)ArchetypeHeterodox Voluntarist · Voluntary-society memberÉtienne de La BoétieHeterodox Voluntarist · Writer · France1530–1563Auberon HerbertHeterodox Voluntarist · Theorist · United Kingdom1838–1906Carl WatnerHeterodox Voluntarist · Writer & historian · United States1948–2020Robert LeFevreHeterodox Voluntarist · Educator · United States1911–1986Herbert SpencerVoluntarist · Philosopher · United Kingdom1820–1903
Patri FriedmanMinarcho-CapitalistLoren LomaskyMinarcho-Capitalist · Philosopher · United Statesb. 1943Randy BarnettMinarcho-Capitalist · Legal scholar · United Statesb. 1952The Night-Watchman State (archetype)ArchetypeMinarcho-Capitalist · Minimal state over a free marketTibor MachanMinarcho-Capitalist · Philosopher · Hungary / US1939–2016John HospersRooted Minarcho-Capitalist · Philosopher & candidate · United States1918–2011
Emma GoldmanProgressive Anarcho-Communist · Activist & writer · Russia / US1869–1940ShevekFictionProgressive Anarcho-Communist · Physicist (fiction) · The DispossessedÉlisée ReclusProgressive Anarcho-Communist · Geographer & theorist · France1830–1905Peter KropotkinReformist Anarcho-Communist · Theorist & geographer · Russia1842–1921Errico MalatestaReformist Anarcho-Communist · Theorist & organiser · Italy1853–1932Buenaventura DurrutiReformist Anarcho-Communist · Revolutionary · Spain1896–1936Nestor MakhnoReformist Anarcho-Communist · Revolutionary commander · Ukraine1888–1934
Federica MontsenyProgressive Anarcho-Syndicalist · Minister & militant · Spain1905–1994Alexander SchapiroReformist Anarcho-Syndicalist · Organiser · Russia / international1882–1946Diego Abad de SantillánReformist Anarcho-Syndicalist · Theorist & organiser · Spain / Argentina1897–1983Tom JoadFictionReformist Anarcho-Syndicalist · Migrant worker (fiction) · The Grapes of WrathHelmut RüdigerReformist Anarcho-Syndicalist · Theorist · Germany / Sweden1903–1966Christian CornelissenReformist Anarcho-Syndicalist · Theorist & economist · Netherlands1864–1942Pierre MonatteReformist Anarcho-Syndicalist · Union organiser · France1881–1960
Mikhail BakuninReformist Anarcho-Collectivist · Revolutionary & theorist · Russia1814–1876The Free Commune (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Anarcho-Collectivist · Stateless collectivist societyJames GuillaumeReformist Anarcho-Collectivist · Organiser & writer · Switzerland1844–1916Carlo CafieroReformist Anarcho-Collectivist · Revolutionary · Italy1846–1892Giuseppe FanelliReformist Anarcho-Collectivist · Apostle of anarchism · Italy / Spain1827–1877Adhémar SchwitzguébelReformist Anarcho-Collectivist · Engraver & organiser · Switzerland1844–1895Rafael Farga PellicerReformist Anarcho-Collectivist · Organiser & printer · Spain1844–1890
Voltairine de CleyreReformist Anarcho-Mutualist · Theorist & poet · United States1866–1912Stephen Pearl AndrewsReformist Anarcho-Mutualist · Theorist · United States1812–1886The Cost-Price Market (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Anarcho-Mutualist · Stateless market of equalsDyer LumReformist Anarcho-Mutualist · Theorist & organiser · United States1839–1893William B. GreeneReformist Anarcho-Mutualist · Theorist · United States1819–1878
Karl HessReformist Agorist · Writer & activist · United States1923–1994Victor KomanReformist Agorist · Novelist · United Statesb. 1954The Crypto-Trader (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Agorist · Counter-economic actor · the digital agoracontemporaryJ. Neil SchulmanHeterodox Agorist · Novelist · United States1953–2019Samuel Edward Konkin IIIHeterodox Agorist · Founder & theorist · United States1947–2004The Grey-Market Smuggler (archetype)ArchetypeHeterodox Agorist · Counter-economic trader
Bolton HallReformist Geoanarchist · Writer & activist · United States1854–1938The Community Land Trust (archetype)ArchetypeReformist Geoanarchist · Stateless land commonscontemporaryThe Geo-Anarchist (archetype)ArchetypeHeterodox Geoanarchist · Synthesis figureAlbert Jay NockHeterodox Geoanarchist · Writer · United States1870–1945George A. SchillingGeoanarchist
Dagny TaggartFictionReformist Objectivist · Railroad executive (fiction) · Atlas ShruggedHoward RoarkFictionHeterodox Objectivist · Architect (fiction) · The FountainheadJohn GaltFictionHeterodox Objectivist · Inventor (fiction) · Atlas ShruggedNathaniel BrandenHeterodox Objectivist · Psychologist · Canada / US1930–2014Ayn RandHeterodox Objectivist · Novelist & philosopher · Russia / US1905–1982Yaron BrookHeterodox Objectivist · Advocate · Israel / USb. 1961Leonard PeikoffObjectivist · Philosopher · United Statesb. 1933
Julian AssangeReformist Crypto-Anarchist · Publisher & cypherpunk · Australiab. 1971Eric HughesReformist Crypto-Anarchist · Cypherpunk · United Statesb. 1965Hal FinneyHeterodox Crypto-Anarchist · Cryptographer · United States1956–2014The Cryptonomicon Coder (archetype)FictionHeterodox Crypto-Anarchist · Code-as-freedom hacker · CryptonomiconNick SzaboHeterodox Crypto-Anarchist · Computer scientist · United Statesb. 1964Timothy C. MayHeterodox Crypto-Anarchist · Cypherpunk founder · United States1951–2018Satoshi NakamotoHeterodox Crypto-Anarchist · Bitcoin creator (pseudonymous) · unknownactive 2008–2011
Lysander SpoonerReformist Anarcho-Capitalist · Abolitionist & theorist · United States1808–1887David D. FriedmanHeterodox Anarcho-Capitalist · Economist · United Statesb. 1945Linda & Morris TannehillHeterodox Anarcho-Capitalist · Authors · United Statesfl. 1970sRagnar DanneskjöldFictionAnarcho-Capitalist · Pirate-philosopher (fiction) · Atlas ShruggedWalter BlockAnarcho-Capitalist · Economist · United Statesb. 1941Murray RothbardAnarcho-Capitalist · Economist & theorist · United States1926–1995Hans-Hermann HoppeTraditional Anarcho-Capitalist · Philosopher & economist · Germany / USb. 1949