99ideologies
Sign inTake the quiz
Ideologies / Eco-Socialist / John Bellamy Foster
John Bellamy Foster — ink portrait
§ The minds · b. 1953 · United States · Sociologist

John Bellamy Foster

The metabolic rift

Marx's ecology, recovered.

Reformist Eco-Socialist →
Economic−82
SocialistMarket
Governance−48
LibertarianAuthoritarian
Social+62
TraditionalProgressive
How close are you to Foster? Take the quiz →

The Marxist sociologist who recovered the ecological core of Marx's thought — the 'metabolic rift' — giving eco-socialism a rigorous theoretical foundation.

social

Progressive, internationalist ecology.

economic

Capitalism's drive to accumulate ruptures nature's metabolism.

governance

Democratic, decentralised eco-socialist transition.

Notable for
  • 'Marx's Ecology'
  • Theory of the metabolic rift
  • Editor of Monthly Review
metabolic-riftmarxist-ecologytheory
§ The minds nearest Foster
Chico Mendes
Chico Mendes
98% affinity
André Gorz
André Gorz
98% affinity
William Morris
William Morris
98% affinity
Paul Lafargue
Paul Lafargue
98% affinity
Murray Bookchin
Murray Bookchin
97% affinity
Vandana Shiva
Vandana Shiva
97% affinity
How close are you to Foster?

Two minutes, three axes, 729 named ideologies — and your own affinity score with every mind on this page.

Take the quiz →Visit the Eco-Socialist hall