Vladimir Putin

Modern China, particularly under Xi Jinping, is a prime example of State Capitalism. While Deng Xiaoping's reforms opened the economy to foreign investment and private enterprise, the government retains major ownership in crucial sectors like banking, energy, and telecommunications. Industrial policy, Five-Year Plans, and state-linked financing guide economic development. Political power remains centralised under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with strict control over media, NGOs, and opposition. Russia under Vladimir Putin also follows a State Capitalist model, characterised by strong state involvement and oligarchic influence in key industries.