Herbert Hoover

Rugged individualism

Voluntarism over the state.

Rooted Liberal Capitalist →

Economic+34

SocialistMarket

Governance−16

LibertarianAuthoritarian

Social−20

TraditionalProgressive

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The engineer-president whose faith in 'rugged individualism' and voluntary association over state action defined a free-market liberalism tested to destruction by the Depression.

social

Traditional Quaker-rooted individualist.

economic

Championed free enterprise and voluntary cooperation over federal control.

governance

Believed in associative, limited government even amid the slump.

Notable for

'American Individualism'
Pre-Depression commerce secretary
Voluntarist philosophy

individualismvoluntarismfree-enterprise

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